When you’re faced with an emergency, knowing how to perform CPR and use an AED can be the difference between life and death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are essential tools in responding to cardiac arrest and other life-threatening situations. CPR maintains blood flow and oxygenation to the body’s vital organs, while AEDs restore normal heart rhythm and this combination provides comprehensive life support to victims of sudden cardiac arrest.
When you undertake an accredited first aid course you learn, how to use the DRSABCD action plan, the correct 30:2 compression ratio with rescue breaths, communicating with emergency medical services and how to combine CPR with the use of an AED. Research done by the American Heart Association shows that bystander CPR combined with defibrillation can double or even triple chances of survival when performed early.
This guide can’t replace training by a qualified first aid instructor, rather its aim is to equip you with some basic knowledge, hopefully show how easy it is to learn the required skills and inspire you to enrol with a quality registered training organisation like First Aid Pro.
The Science Behind CPR and AED
How CPR Works to Save Lives
The primary goal of CPR is to maintain circulation and breathing in a person experiencing cardiac arrest. Chest compressions manually pump oxygen-rich blood to the brain and vital organs, while rescue breaths provide the necessary oxygen to the lungs. Without CPR, blood flow stops completely during cardiac arrest. Please remember that you should always call your local medical emergency services if you or someone around you is experiencing a sudden cardiac arrest or other severe injury.
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The Role of AED in Cardiac Arrest
What is an AED?
An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable device that can detect dangerous heart rhythms like ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. It treats these conditions by delivering an electric shock to stop the irregular heartbeat, allowing the heart to return to a normal rhythm. AEDs are designed for easy use by anyone, with simple audio and visual instructions and nowadays, are commonly found in public places such as airports, malls, and schools. The effectiveness of an AED lies in the fact that it can automatically analyse the heart’s rhythm and deliver a shock if needed, making it accessible for use even by people without first aid training.
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Learning CPR: Step-by-Step Guide
Recognising the Signs of Cardiac Arrest
Identifying the symptoms of cardiac arrest early is crucial for prompt intervention. Look for signs such as sudden collapse, unresponsiveness, and absence of normal breathing. If you suspect someone is in cardiac arrest, call your local emergency number immediately.
Performing CPR
Here are the key steps for performing effective CPR
Assess the Scene and Call for Help
- Check the area for safety and ensure it is free of hazards
- If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, call emergency services or have someone else make the call
- If you are alone, perform CPR for about 2 minutes before pausing to call for help and retrieve an AED if available
Begin Chest Compressions
- Place the person on their back on a firm, flat surface
- Kneel beside the chest and place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, with the other hand on top
- Position your shoulders directly over your hands and press down firmly, compressing the chest at least 2 inches
- Perform 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute
Give Rescue Breaths
- After 30 compressions, open the airway with a head tilt-chin lift
- Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth with your mouth
- Give two rescue breaths, each lasting about 1 second and making the chest rise
- If the first breath doesn’t make the chest rise, retilt the head and give the second breath
Continue CPR
- Repeat the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the person starts breathing or help arrives
- If an AED becomes available, apply it and follow the voice prompts
- Continue CPR until the person recovers or a healthcare professional takes over
Using an AED: Step-by-Step Instructions
Turning on the AED and Following Prompts
Turn on the AED and follow the voice prompts. The device will instruct you to attach the electrode pads to the person’s chest.
Placing the Pads Correctly
Place one pad on the upper right side of the person’s chest and the other on the lower left side. Ensure the pads are firmly attached and not touching each other.
Delivering the Shock and Continuing CPR
The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and determine if a shock is needed. If a shock is advised, ensure no one is touching the person, and press the shock button. After delivering the shock, immediately resume CPR starting with chest compressions.
Advanced CPR Techniques and Considerations
CPR for Different Age Groups
Differences in Techniques for Adults, Children, and Infants
While the basic principles of CPR remain the same, techniques vary based on the age of the person receiving CPR. For children, use one hand for chest compressions and give smaller rescue breaths. For infants, use two fingers for compressions and cover the infant’s mouth and nose with your mouth for breaths.
Special Considerations for Each Age Group
When performing CPR on a child or infant, be mindful of their delicate bodies. Avoid using excessive force and ensure the airway is properly aligned.
CPR in Special Situations
Drowning Victims
For drowning victims, begin with rescue breaths before starting chest compressions. This helps to provide oxygen to the lungs and improve the chances of resuscitation.
Traumatic Injuries
If the person has sustained traumatic injuries, be cautious when performing CPR to avoid exacerbating injuries. Focus on maintaining circulation and breathing until emergency help arrives.
Pregnant Women
For pregnant women, perform chest compressions slightly higher on the chest to accommodate the baby.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Overcoming Common Challenges and Errors
Common mistakes in CPR include inadequate depth of compressions, incorrect hand placement, and interruptions in compressions. Practice regularly and stay updated with CPR training to avoid these errors.
Tips for Effective CPR
- Ensure compressions are deep and fast enough.
- Minimise interruptions in compressions.
- Provide effective rescue breaths by ensuring the chest rises with each breath.
- Use an AED as soon as possible.
The Importance of CPR and AED Training
Benefits of CPR and AED Certification
CPR and AED certification provides you with the knowledge and skills needed to respond to emergencies confidently. Certification courses, such as HLTAID009 Provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, teach you the latest techniques and ensure you are prepared to save lives.
Where to Get Certified
First Aid Pro is a leading Australian registered training organisation, offering comprehensive first aid courses, including CPR and AED training. They provide both in-person and online first aid courses, making it convenient to obtain your first aid qualification. Their experienced trainers ensure you gain practical skills and feel confident in your ability to respond to emergencies.
Conclusion
Mastering CPR and AED use is essential for everyone, from first responders to family members. By understanding the techniques and staying updated with regular training, you can save someone’s life in an emergency. Remember, the knowledge you gain today can make a significant difference in the future. Get trained, stay prepared, and be ready to save lives.
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