When Estonia is contemplating a launch of its own digital currency (Estcoin), Deutsche Telekom is running pilots on a 5G connection, and America ponders the future of Net Neutrality, we witness various manifestations of the same dilemma: how will the increased digital connectivity revolutionise our technologies, reform our societies, and change our lives in the ways we can hardly anticipate?
The rollout of 5G is expected to enable and widely disseminate technologies, such as: the Internet of Things, self-driving cars, autonomous drones, and Star Wars-inspired hologram phones. What was considered science-fiction just a decade ago is currently being prototyped, tested, and piloted. A $1 billion investment in a New Mexico “ghost town” speaks for itself. And, as we enter the era of 5G, the formerly futuristic gadgets might just become commonplace.
But what are the broader policy implications of ever-improving connectivity?
What impact does mobile have on society? How can we find a balance between accelerating technological progress and governments’ responsibility to improve the economic conditions and raise the level of wellbeing for their citizens?
Competitiveness offers a useful framework for considering such questions. As the IMF warns about economic slowdown, markets grow more volatile, and pundits become increasingly pessimistic about growth prospects, enlightened policy-makers across the world have made the pursuit of competitiveness, rather than GDP, their principal economic goal. Competitiveness is about the fundamentals and the positioning for a successful future, unlike GDP, which is susceptible to Kondratiev Waves and is often dependent on natural endowments, commodities super-cycles, monetary policies in some of the world’s biggest economies, and other external factors.
What then is the best way to improve competitiveness? As with all the other complex problems, there isn’t a single solution. Different strategies apply to countries at different stages of development. Nevertheless, one policy area has a nearly universal applicability. This “silver bullet” of economic development is broadband connectivity.
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All three pillars of competitiveness as defined by the World Economic Forum, incorporate the connectivity component, be it telecoms infrastructure under the basic sub-index, technological readiness under efficiency enhancers, or the entire pillar of innovation and business sophistication where a high degree of connectivity is a basic precondition.
The World Bank calculates that with “a 10% increase in high speed Internet connections, economic growth increases by 1.3%” and leads to “democratisation of innovation”. In a world where only 40% of the population have access to the Internet; we could boost the global GDP by $1 trillion by connecting another 327 million people. More importantly, this will contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth, supporting economic development in the emerging markets where Internet penetration is lagging. While a consensus is yet to be reached over the scope and scale of the effect we should expect from mobile connectivity on poverty-reduction, some argue that it might be the best hope we have.
GSMA postulates that “Mobile internet access can create a virtuous cycle in developing countries” and has calculated that a better part of a mobile ecosystem’s impact on the global economy comes from productivity gains elsewhere.
When researching the impact of mobile technologies across six countries (US, Germany, South Korea, Brazil, China and India), BCG termed this sector a growth engine and looked at the impact it has on SMEs, jobs, as well as benefits to consumers.
Not only does the sector enable efficiency gains across the widest range of economic activities, and thus enhances competitiveness, BCG found that “the companies focussed on mobile’s core technologies invest a larger share of revenue (21%) in R&D than those in any other industry except biotechnology”.
The small business is a backbone of every advanced economy and even marginal efficiency gains could translate into major impact on a given country’s growth prospects. But when it comes to the leading global multinationals, the increased digital connectivity will be a revolutionising force, possibly on par with the invention of the internet. As the world population is pushing towards 8 billion, the number of connected devices today is estimated at around the same number, but Cisco expects it to reach 50 billion by 2020.
As with all exponential technologies, the estimates vary widely. But, according to Strategy and Research Lead for SAP Daniel Wellers, “Experts predict that, by 2022, 1 trillion networked sensors will be embedded in the world around us, with up to 45 trillion in 20 years.” It is possible to imagine an existing “dumb gadget”, say a toaster, be turned into “smart” device. A connected toaster will probably check in with some wearable device on one’s wrist before turning itself on and pupping out that morning bagel just in time for one’s breakfast. But we’ll be staring at the tip of the iceberg trying to project what we know today into our omni-connected future. Just like the apps, social networks, and robo-invest-advisors have grown up from the Internet, the completely unexpected new technology and applications will emerge from the IoT.
According to McKinsey research the impact of IoT on the world GDP could be as high as adding another powerhouse economy the size of China.
In this day and age, connecting is empowering, and without basic infrastructure financed by telecom operators, today’s tech giants from Apple and Google to Uber and Facebook would not have achieved half the success that they enjoy. As we move into the era of digital inclusion, we should expect innovation to come from the currently unconnected and the new never-thought-of-before services emerging to address the needs at the base of the pyramid in a commercially-viable manner.
The World Economic Forum found “widespread agreement – along with emerging evidence – that access to technology can help improve quality of life and accelerate development efforts at all levels”. Improvements in mobile broadband will help create conditions where mHealth, m-learning, MFS (mobile financial services), etc. could thrive. The pace of mobile-services adoption will surge further yet, as the notion of digital-identity takes hold. Just a year ago, all eyes were on Estonia as it pioneered e-residency for foreigners, but now the idea of national/universal digital identification is gaining world-wide attention. Given such wide societal implications, the sector, formerly classified as a utility, is now striking on its own – personifying its new identity as an industry of empowerment.
As tech progress continues on its exponential path, the question remains whether the developing countries will be able to leapfrog ahead – or end up left behind. What is certain, however, is that mobile connectivity will be at the forefront of change and will remain a potent force well-placed to drive social inclusion and economic competitiveness.
This article is an updated version of one that was first published by the World Economic Forum on its website. The author retains all rights to this publication.
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About the Author
Andrew Chakhoyan is a founder and CEO of Strategic Narrative Consulting (www.snconsulting.nl). He advocates for public-private cooperation and is an influencer in the world of international affairs. Andrew is a regular contributor at the World Economic Forum. He may be reached at @ChakhoyanAndrew or www.linkedin.com/in/andrewchakhoyan
